culture

Ayutthaya’s Fall, Bangkok’s Rise

With the exception of King Boromokot (1733-1758), during whose reign Thai monks visited Ceylon to purify Sinhalese Buddhism, Narai's successors became increasingly ineffectual while, ominously, Burmese kings grew stronger. With the kingdom at its lowest ebb, the Burmese invaded and in 1767, after a fifteen-month siege, irreparably destroyed Ayutthaya. Temples and palaces were emptied of priceless treasures and most written histories of the Thai people were reduced to ashes in an orgy of vandalism. Many survivors of the holocaust were marched off to Burma as prisoners, and a once-resplendent city of one million was left with some 10,000 inhabitants.

Ayutthaya’s Fall, Bangkok’s Rise Part 2

His voracious reading convinced him that Thailand's continued independence could best be secured by encouraging equally friendly relations with numerous Western countries. Accordingly, in 1855, he concluded the Treaty of Commerce and Friend-ship with Britain (known as the Bowring Treaty) that contained several generous concessions limiting tariffs on imports and exports, and granting extraterritorial rights to British subjects whereby they could be tried for offences committed in Thailand by British consular courts.

Ayutthaya’s Fall, Bangkok’s Rise Part 3

By gracefully and gradually acceding to such territorial demands, Chulalongkom preserved Thai independence, particularly in the vital Menam Chao Phya basin. Eventually, the British and French realized an independent Thailand could be a useful buffer between their colonies. With this pressure removed, Chulalongkorn was free to concentrate on his ceaseless efforts to modernize.

Ever pragmatic, Chulalongkorn was critically selective in his choice of reforms, so that unlike other countries where modernization erased traditional values, Thailand's reforms caused minimal social dislocation.

Hindus and Sikhs Thailand

Hindus and Sikhs
The approximately20,000 Indians residing in Thailand are almost equally divided between Hindus and Sikhs. Most of the Hindu community is concentrated in Bangkok where it worships at four main Hindu temples. There are also several Brahman shrines at which Hindus and Buddhists alike worship. The Hindus manage their own school whose curriculum is based on the Thai education system, though, in addition to Thai, it teaches Hindi, Sanskrit and English.

The Sikhs, too, are concentrated mainly in Bangkok. Divided into two sects, they worship at two different temples. Collectively, the Sikhs run a free school for poor children, regardless of caste, creed or religion, and through several charitable associations, support the aged and the sick.

Thai Word

Each Thai word is complete inasmuch as there are no Thai suffixes, genders, articles, declensions or plurals. Tenses are indicated by standard auxiliaries, e.g. pai (go) with the auxiliary ja becomes ja pai (will go); with the auxiliary kamlang becomes kamlang pai (am going); and with the auxiliary laew becomes pai laew (go already (went)).

Different pronouns (at least 47, including some 17 I's and 19 you's) and different qualifying nouns and verbs are used by different classes- royalty, ecclesiastics and lay people. Because Thai's pronominal struc-ture illustrates rank and intimacy, there are, in effect, four different languages – a royal language, an ecclesiastic language, a polite everyday vernacular and an earthy, pungent slang.

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You Can Better Enjoy the Outdoors With Mattress Recycling

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Things to Know About Korean Culture

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